Psychotropic

Question 1 (2 points)

 

Saved

 

Which of the following levels of consciousness involve our total attention to the task at hand

 

Question 1 options:

	a)   Higher levels of consciousness/awareness
	b)   Lower level awareness
	c)   Subconscious awareness
	d)   Unconsciousness

Question 2 (2 points)

 

Saved

 

There are several different levels of consciousness. Which one typically involves the process of daydreaming

 

Question 2 options:

	a)   Higher levels of consciousness/awareness
	b)   Lower level awareness
	c)   Subconscious awareness
	d)   Unconsciousness

Question 3 (2 points)

 

 

Which of the following is true regarding our need for adequate amounts of sleep?

 

Question 3 options:

	a)   Sleep helps restore our physical and mental energy
	b)   Physical and brain development occur while we sleep
	c)   Memory is helped in that sleep aids us in putting information into long term memory
	d)   All the above

Question 4 (2 points)

 

 

Which of the following is not associated with chronic sleep deprivation

 

Question 4 options:

	a)   Physical and psychological problems
	b)   Decision making and problem solving abilities
	c)   Our performance and alertness usually remain stable
	d)   Complexity of the brain activity taking place becomes impaired

Question 5 (2 points)

 

 

The recommended number of hours of sleep for an adult is closest to which of the following: (only one answer

accepted)

 

 

Question 5 options:

	a) 6
	b) 7
	c) 8
	d) 9

Question 6 (2 points)

 

 

Which of the following neurotransmitters play a role in sleep regulation

 

Question 6 options:

	a)   Melatonin
	b)   Epinephrine
	c)   GABA
	d) Norepinephrine

Question 7 (2 points)

 

 

Hypnosis, sensory deprivation, and drug use can induce which of the following levels of consciousness in most people

 

Question 7 options:

	a)   Lower level of awareness
	b)   Altered state of awareness
	c)   No awareness (unconsciousness)
	d)   Subconscious awareness

Question 8 (2 points)

 

 

Severe dependency [e.g., addiction] refers the which of the following characteristics a person will develop through

repeated and persistent drug use

 

 

Question 8 options:

	a)   The person may go through painful periods of withdrawal if they stop taking the drug
	b)   If the addiction has been successfully treated, the person may still have a tendency to want to take the drug again
	c)   Addiction causes changes in the person’s personality and behavior
	d)   All the above

Question 9 (2 points)

 

 

Someone who has developed a tolerance to a drug means that the person

 

Question 9 options:

	a)   Is withdrawing from the drug, which may include pain and cravings
	b)   Requires more of the drug over time in order to achieve the same desired effect
	c)   Requiring less of a drug with greater use of the drug
	d)   Is in need of more sleep in order to counteract the effects of the drug

Question 10 (2 points)

 

 

Which of the following drugs acts as a disinhibitor in our nervous systems

 

Question 10 options:

	a)   Alcohol
	b)   Cocaine
	c)   Caffeine
	d)   Nicotine

Question 11 (2 points)

 

 

Drugs derived from which of the following classifications are used to treat severe pain

 

Question 11 options:

	a)   CNS Stimulants
	b)   Hallucinogens
	c)   Minor tranquilizers
	d)   Opiates

Question 12 (2 points)

 

 

Marijuana may cause which of the following symptoms or effects (not that anyone would know from personal

experience!)

 

Question 12 options:

	a)   Distortion of time, sense, and erratic/excessive verbal behavior
	b)   Prolonged use may decrease the sperm count in males and alter the menstrual cycle in females
	c)   Increase in excitability, depression, mild hallucinations
	d)   All the above

Question 13 (2 points)

 

 

When someone’s life revolves solely around obtaining and using drugs, they would be considered to be [Read this one

very carefully]

 

Question 13 options:

	a)   Psychologically dependent
	b)   Physically dependent
	c)   Severely dependent on the drug in order to survive
	d)   None of the above

Question 14 (2 points)

 

 

The current legal limit of a person’s blood-alcohol concentration that determines whether one is DWAI) [driving while

ability impaired] is (think this through!)

 

Question 14 options:

	a) .05
	b) .07
	c) .08
	d) .10

Question 15 (2 points)

 

 

Binge Drinking is defined as

 

Question 15 options:

	a)   Having more than 3 drinks in one sitting at least 3x/month
	b)   Having at least 3 drinks in one sitting at least 1x in one month
	c)   Having at least 5 drinks [men], 4 drinks [women] in one sitting at least once in a 30 day period
	d)   Drinking a beer or glass of wine every night

Question 16 (2 points)

 

 

For the majority of the drugs we discussed in class and that are reviewed in the text, which of the following

neurotransmitters is the most significant one that impacts the limbic systems/pleasure centers of the brain

 

Question 16 options:

	a)   Serotonin
	b)   Dopamine
	c)   GABA
	d)   Epinephrine

Question 17 (2 points)

 

 

The drug that many consider to be the MOST ADDICTIVE of all drugs as we discussed in class is [CAREFUL-

MANY HAVE GOTTEN THIS ONE WRONG!]

 

Question 17 options:

	a)   Caffeine
	b)   Cocaine
	c)   Nicotine
	d)   Marijuana

Question 18 (2 points)

 

 

Freud’s studies focused on which of the following levels of awareness?

 

Question 18 options:

	a)   Higher
	b)   Lower
	c)   Subconcious
	d)   Unconscious

Question 19 (2 points)

 

 

Besides the use of drugs, which of the following can induce an altered state of consciousness?

 

Question 19 options:

	a)   Sensory Deprivation
	b)   Hypnosis
	c)   Meditation
	d)   All the above

Question 20 (2 points)

 

 

The stage associated with dreaming during sleep is

 

Question 20 options:

	a)   Stage 1
	b)   Stage 2
	c)   Stage 3
	d)   Stage 4
	e)   R.E.M.

Question 21 (2 points)

 

 

Name two characteristics related to the function of REM Sleep

 

Question 21 options:

	1
	2

Question 22 (2 points)

 

 

True or false: marijuana has no medicinal value

 

Question 22 options:

	True
	False

Question 23 (2 points)

 

 

The commonly used drug Ritalin is in which category of drugs?

 

Question 23 options:

	CNS stimulants
	CNS depressants
	Hallucinogens
	Opiods

Question 24 (2 points)

 

 

One of the reasons that the combination of caffeine and alcohol is some alcoholic drinks can be so deadly is

 

Question 24 options:

	a)   It’s no more deadly drinking too much than is drinking alcohol in excess
	b)   The caffeine works to mask the depressant effects of alcohol, so the person feels less intoxicated than hey truly are.
	c)   No deaths have been attributed to this combination of drugs
	d)   None of the above

Question 25 (2 points)

 

 

Energy drinks have never caused a death

 

Question 25 options:

	a)   True
	b)   False

Question 26 (2 points)

 

 

In Pavlov’s experiments with classical conditioning involving dogs, which of the following is the unconditioned

stimulus (UCS)

 

Question 26 options:

	a)   The food presented to the dog
	b)   A bell paired with the presentation of food for the dog
	c)   Salivating in anticipation of receiving the food
	d)   Salivating whenever the dog hears a bell that was previously rung while food

Question 27 (2 points)

 

 

Which of the following is true regarding classical conditioning?

 

Question 27 options:

	a)   The unconditioned response requires previous learning to have occurred
	b)   The conditioned response is typically similar, but not exactly identical, to the unconditioned response
	c)   No association is formed between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus
	d)   Behavior following a conditioned response is voluntary was being presented

Question 28 (2 points)

 

 

You receive a high grade in one course by using a successful strategy to study. When you take another course, you use

these same study habits and also do well in the new course. Your ability to successfully use the same strategy in these

two different situations is referred to as

 

Question 28 options:

	a)   Generalization
	b)   Discrimination
	c)   Spontaneous recovery
	d)   Extinction

Question 29 (2 points)

 

 

The disappearance of a previously classically conditioned response to an initially neutral stimulus (e.g., a bell) is

referred to as

 

Question 29 options:

	a)   Generalization
	b)   Discrimination
	c)   Spontaneous recovery
	d)   Extinction

Question 30 (2 points)

 

 

Watson and Raynor’s classic study involved (poor) little Albert being conditioned to fear a white rat. Following this, he

began to fear other similar objects such as a white stuffed animal, a rabbit, a white blanket, and cotton balls. This would

be an example of

 

Question 30 options:

	a)   Generalization
	b)   Discrimination
	c)   Inhibition
	d)   Spontaneous recovery

Question 31 (2 points)

 

 

The most accurate description about the use of punishment is

 

Question 31 options:

	a)   Punishment is effective in eliminating behavior
	b)   Punishment typically only suppresses unwanted behavior
	c)   When used, it is most effective when paired with reinforcement of appropriate behavior
	d)   Both b and c

Question 32 (2 points)

 

 

An example of (-) reinforcement would be (think this one through!)

 

Question 32 options:

	a)   Giving something pleasurable to someone when they exhibit appropriate behavior
	b)   Taking away something the person feels is unpleasant following an appropriate behavior
	c)   Removing something pleasant when the person engages in appropriate behavior
	d)   Administering something unpleasant when a person engages in an unacceptable behavior.

Question 33 (2 points)

 

 

Shaping is the process in behavior modification that

 

Question 33 options:

	a)   Involves rewarding the person in small steps until the goal or target behavior is reached
	b)   Is a process that involves many aspects of classical conditioning
	c)   Does not require rewards except for when the person reaches the target/desired behavior
	d)   Involves insight learning

Question 34 (2 points)

 

 

Behavior modification is based on the ideas and theories of [think this through!]

 

Question 34 options:

	a)   Pavlov
	b)   Bandura
	c)   Erickson
	d)   Skinner

Question 35 (2 points)

 

 

After this exam it is most likely that you will

 

Question 35 options:

	a) Start reading the remaining chapters!
	b)   Really begin to wonder what you have gotten yourself into
	c)   Look at the great course offerings in psychology for the spring semester.
	d)   Run out of my house and enter an altered state of consciousness as quickly as possible!!!

Question 36 (15 points)

 

 

Choose one of the following: [15 points partial credit given] BE AS SPECIFIC AS POSSIBLE AND EXPLAIN

EACH ANSWER AS COMPLETELY AS POSSIBLE.

 

1. Sleep is a critical aspect of our lives. We will typically sleep at least 1/3 of our lives away. Without enough

sleep, we become impaired in our ability to conduct business as usual. Note at least four areas that are affected

by sleep deprivation and indicate what these effects are on our bodies and minds.

OR

1. Drug abuse continues to be a major concern in today’s society. Experimentation and regular use by young children,

adolescents, and adults can pose significant difficulties during their day to day lives. Pick one class of drugs as we

discussed in class (careful about class vs. different subclasses within the broadest range), note at least 3 drugs in the class

of drugs you picked, and cite some of their psychological and physical effects, both short and long term, on our bodies and

minds. [If you are not sure what I’m looking for here, ask before answering]

 

Question 36 options:

Question 37 (15 points)

 

Pick one of the following 

1. After watching the video on Ecstasy.
2. What do you think about how the drug was treated, going from legal to being illegal?
3. Should ecstasy be returned to legal status? Why or why not?
4. What are your impressions about how the  government dealt with the ecstasy ‘problem’, given that this occurs with many other drugs (e.g., marijuana).

Make sure you note specific examples from the video in order to back up your answers.

OR

1. Which of the ‘illegal’ drugs that we covered in class, if any, would you allow for legalization for recreational use? Be specific in your answer- why, what would the benefits (and risks) be if they were legalized, Should marijuana continue to be classified as a Schedule I drug, meaning there is NO evidence of medical use for it, and being classified in the same area as heroin.

 

 

Question 37 options:

Question 38 (5 points)

 

Based on what you have learned about the need to sleep, propose at least 3 ways that people who are sleep deprived can ease this problem in order to function at their best most of the day.

Question 38 options:

Question 39 (5 points)

 

Extra Credit

What was the most important thing that you were able to take away from the section on psychoactive drugs from both the information and the discussion?

Question 39 options:

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