Research And Literature 4

Research and Literature 4

 

Identifying Outcomes through Visual Analysis of Graphed Data

 

Objective: 

 

You will be able to determine the overall outcome of a functional relationship in 5 single-subject designed research studies through visual analysis of graphed data

 

STEP 1:  Review this basic definition and rationale

 

RATIONALE :For you to be able to critically analyze the overall outcomes of a SSED  behavior change research study, it is important for you to be able to answer the bottom-line question “Did this intervention result in a positive outcome?”:  to answer this question: It’s essential to be able conduct a visual analysis of graphed data with regard to:

 

• Level
• Trend
• Variability/stability
• Latency of change
• Nonoverlapping data

 

 

In short, visual analysis entails visual inspection of graphed data for the degree of level, trend, and variability of data within and between experimental conditions

 

STEP 2: Watch these  video on visual analysis, and then answer the 5questions that follow:

 

Video 1: Single subject design visual analysis

 

Question 1:One way to identify a difference across baseline and intervention conditions/phase is by looking at (select all that apply):

1. The level of the independent variable
2. The level of the dependent variable
3. The mean of the independent variable
4. Examining how the level in each phases differs

 

Question 2:  When we are looking at how the data change in direction each time within each phase, we are looking at:

1. Variability
2. Level
3. Trend
4. Mean values

 

Question 3: One way to determine a difference (that is a functional relationship) across conditions is to:

 

1. See different/opposite trends across conditions in the independent variable
2. See trends going in the same direction across conditions independent variable
3. See different/opposite trends across conditions in the dependent variable
4. See trends going in the same direction across conditions dependent variable

 

Question 4:  Variability/stability refers to:

1. The average/mean level of data across phases
2. The change in the direction of the data across phases
3. Changes in the level within a phase
4. None of the above

 

Question 5:   Visual analysis that provides evidence of  a strong unambiguous  change (and a functional relationship between the independent and dependent variable) indicating a positive outcome has the following data patterns:

1. Changes across conditions in level, trend, and variability
2. Delayed latency of change in intervention condition
3. Highly variable overlapping data across conditions
4. Trends in the desired direction in baseline

 

Step 3 Now, let’s practice.  Let’s look at the figures of graphed data  from five single subject research design studies and conduct a visual analysis. Determine if the data patterns suggest a positive outcome (a functional relationship between the independent and dependent variable):

 

HERE IS AN EXAMPLE:

 

Study :CONTINGENT EXERCISE: A MILD BUT POWERFUL PROCEDURE FOR SUPPRESSING INAPPROPRIATE VERBAL AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR

 

Provide a screenshot of the first graph in the study here (only analyze one graph for this exercise):

 

 

 

INTERVENTION/TREATMENT EFFECT: Now, determine if there are changes in the graphed data across conditions, and then make a judgement if you think there was a treatment effect.

 

*Remember, visual analysis that provides evidence of  a strong treatment/intervention effect, that is, an unambiguous  change (and a functional relationship between the independent and dependent variable) indicating a positive outcome has the data patterns that show overall changes across conditions in level, trend, and variability.

 

 

Change across conditions?	Yes	No	*Intervention/treatment effect?
Level?	X
Trend?	X
Variability?	X
Overall effect?			YES         NO

 

 

STUDY 1:Increasing Academic Compliance with Mathematics Tasks Using the High-Preference Strategy with a Student with Autism

 

Provide a screenshot of the first graph in the study here (only analyze one graph for this exercise):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Now, determine if there are changes in the graphed data across conditions, and then make a judgement if you think there was a treatment effect

 

Change across conditions?	Yes	No	Intervention effect?
Level?
Trend?
Variability?
Overall effect?

 

STUDY 2:  A SUPERVISION PROGRAM FOR INCREASING FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR SEVERELY HANDICAPPED STUDENTS IN A RESIDENTIAL SETTING

 

Provide a screenshot of the first graph in the study here (only analyze one graph for this exercise):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Now, determine if there are changes in the graphed data across conditions, and then make a judgement if you think there was a treatment effect

 

Change across conditions?	Yes	No	Intervention effect?
Level?
Trend?
Variability?
Overall effect?

 

STUDY 3:  Evaluating discrete trial teaching with instructive feedback delivered in a dyad arrangement via telehealth

 

Provide a screenshot of the first graph in the study here (only analyze one graph for this exercise):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Now, determine if there are changes in the graphed data across conditions, and then make a judgement if you think there was a treatment effect

 

Change across conditions?	Yes	No	Intervention effect?
Level?
Trend?
Variability?
Overall effect?

 

STUDY 4: TEACHING MENSTRUAL CARE TO MENTALLY RETARDED WOMEN: ACQUISITION, GENERALIZATION, AND MAINTENANCE

 

Provide a screenshot of the first graph in the study here (only analyze one graph for this exercise):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Now, determine if there are changes in the graphed data across conditions, and then make a judgement if you think there was a treatment effect

 

Change across conditions?	Yes	No	Intervention effect?
Level?
Trend?
Variability?
Overall effect?

 

STUDY 5:  TEACHING CHOICE MAKING DURING SOCIAL INTERACTIONS TO STUDENTS WITH PROFOUND MULTIPLE DISABILITIES

 

Provide a screenshot of the first graph in the study here (only analyze one graph for this exercise):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Now, determine if there are changes in the graphed data across conditions, and then make a judgement if you think there was a treatment effect

 

Change across conditions?	Yes	No	Intervention effect?
Level?
Trend?
Variability?
Overall effect?